{"id":4711,"date":"2026-03-29T12:54:30","date_gmt":"2026-03-29T12:54:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vnsfemaleassociation.org\/?p=4711"},"modified":"2026-03-29T13:20:27","modified_gmt":"2026-03-29T13:20:27","slug":"nu-quyen-va-hinh-phat","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vnsfemaleassociation.org\/en\/nu-quyen-va-hinh-phat\/","title":{"rendered":"N\u1eee QUY\u1ec0N V\u00c0 H\u00ccNH PH\u1ea0T"},"content":{"rendered":"
    \n
  1. N\u1eee QUY\u1ec0N TR\u1eeaNG PH\u1ea0T – GI\u1ea2I PH\u00c1P HAY S\u1ef0 B\u00c0O CH\u1eeeA?<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    V\u00e0o n\u0103m 2015, c\u1ef1u ca s\u0129 nh\u1ea1c glam rock Gary Glitter \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb k\u1ebft \u00e1n 16 n\u0103m t\u00f9 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c t\u1ed9i danh nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi x\u00e2m h\u1ea1i tr\u1ebb em trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ebfn v\u1ee5 \u00e1n g\u00e2y hoang mang l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u \u00f4ng b\u1ecb k\u1ebft t\u1ed9i. N\u0103m 2006, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb k\u1ebft \u00e1n 3 n\u0103m t\u00f9 t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00ec h\u00e0nh vi x\u00e2m h\u1ea1i tr\u1ebb em, sau \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ecb tr\u1ee5c xu\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 Anh v\u00e0 n\u1eb1m trong danh s\u00e1ch t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c [1]. \u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2012, \u00f4ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec1u tra trong chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch Yewtree [2] \u2014 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch l\u1eadt t\u1ea9y c\u00e1c v\u1ee5 x\u00e2m h\u1ea1i trong ng\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed [3]. Tuy v\u1eady, t\u1edbi n\u0103m 2015, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec1u tra s\u00e2u h\u01a1n \u0111\u00e3 ph\u01a1i b\u00e0y nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ed9i danh kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, d\u1eabn t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n \u00e1n nghi\u00eam kh\u1eafc h\u01a1n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m d\u1ea5y l\u00ean nghi v\u1ea5n v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady c\u1ee7a bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh t\u1ea1i Anh n\u00f3i ri\u00eang v\u00e0 tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00f3i chung [4].<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u200e<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    H\u1eb3n ta \u0111\u00e3 qu\u00e1 quen thu\u1ed9c v\u1edbi c\u00e2u k\u1ebft sau m\u1ed7i v\u1ee5 \u00e1n, r\u1eb1ng: \u201cjustice is served\u201d (t\u1ea1m d\u1ecbch: c\u00f4ng l\u00fd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c thi) v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 nh\u1eb9 nh\u00f5m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong cu\u1ed9c khi bi\u1ebft t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eaft gi\u1eef. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u01b0 v\u1ee5 \u00e1n tr\u00ean, li\u1ec7u vi\u1ec7c b\u1eaft gi\u1eef t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft t\u1ed1i \u01b0u? Vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n l\u00e0 do t\u00ednh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 m\u00e0 n\u00f3 mang l\u1ea1i hay c\u00f2n v\u00ec nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do kh\u00e1c? <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u200e<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    T\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y, ch\u00fang m\u00ecnh xin gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u201cn\u1eef quy\u1ec1n tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t\u201d, m\u1ed9t thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Elizabeth Bernstein \u0111\u1eb7t ra trong b\u00e0i lu\u1eadn \u201cThe Sexual Politics of New Abolitionism\u201d [5]. Theo b\u00e0, \u201cch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a n\u1eef quy\u1ec1n tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t\u201d (carceral feminism) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng khi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u1eef quy\u1ec1n tin r\u1eb1ng khung ph\u00e1p l\u00fd v\u00e0 tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t h\u00ecnh s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng gi\u1edbi, v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang v\u1eabn c\u00f2n t\u1edbi t\u1eadn b\u00e2y gi\u1edd. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng v\u00ed d\u1ee5 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t t\u1ed1ng giam nh\u01b0 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p x\u1eed l\u00fd cho nh\u1eefng v\u1ee5 \u00e1n b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef [6]. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u200e<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    V\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 90, khi ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a n\u1eef quy\u1ec1n \u0111ang d\u1ea7n tr\u1edf n\u00ean ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u201cWar on Drugs\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i \u1edf M\u1ef9. Vi\u1ec7c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch tr\u00ean t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t mang t\u00ednh ph\u00e1p l\u00fd, th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f3a vi\u1ec7c giam gi\u1eef h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t, v\u00e0 coi vi\u1ec7c tr\u1eebng tr\u1ecb l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p t\u1ed1i \u01b0u \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a n\u1eef quy\u1ec1n tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 n\u1eef quy\u1ec1n \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t, giam gi\u1eef t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh, v\u00e0 n\u00f3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i t\u1edbi b\u00e2y gi\u1edd. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u200e<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ee5 \u00e1n \u1edf Crumpsall, khi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef b\u1ecb b\u1ea1o h\u00e0nh b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 trong ph\u00f2ng tr\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ta, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t nh\u1eadn v\u1ee5 \u00e1n \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: \u201c…b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m c\u00f4ng l\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c thi \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Mughal (t\u00ean t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m), k\u1ebb gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i sau song s\u1eaft\u201d [7]. Hay m\u1ed9t v\u1ee5 \u00e1n kh\u00e1c \u1edf Greater Manchester, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ed9i b\u1ea1o h\u00e0nh t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2006 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb b\u1eaft giam v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2020. Theo l\u1eddi m\u1ed9t C\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec1u tra c\u1ea5p b\u1eadc Constable thu\u1ed9c CID t\u1ea1i Stretford: \u201c… ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd l\u00e0m m\u1ecdi \u0111i\u1ec1u trong kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ra tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4ng l\u00fd\u201d [8]. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u200e<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y, vi\u1ec7c b\u1eaft gi\u1eef d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u01b0 ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh vi ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1ng giam nh\u01b0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p t\u1ed1i \u01b0u, khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u00edt khi \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi hay \u0111i\u1ec1u tra s\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p \u0111\u1eb1ng sau c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh vi b\u1ea1o h\u00e0nh hay x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u00e0y ch\u01b0a th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng, v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a n\u1eef quy\u1ec1n tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1ee5 \u00e1n li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea1o h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u200e<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \n
    1. H\u00ccNH \u1ea2NH N\u1ea0N NH\u00c2N TRONG B\u1ee8C TRANH C\u1ee6A CH\u1ee6 NGH\u0128A N\u1eee QUY\u1ec0N TR\u1eeaNG PH\u1ea0T <\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

      Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Aya Gruber \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft trong ph\u1ea7n II c\u1ee7a quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch \u201cFeminist War on Crime\u201d [9]: \u201c\u0110\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng, n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i trong khu\u00f4n m\u1eabu l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4 g\u00e1i tr\u1ebb, y\u1ebfu \u0111u\u1ed1i, b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1ea5t n\u1eb7ng hay th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00f4 g\u00e1i da tr\u1eafng xinh \u0111\u1eb9p, c\u00f3 h\u1ecdc v\u1ea5n cao. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, k\u1ebb ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ebb \u0111\u1ed9c \u00e1c, k\u1ebb l\u1eeba \u0111\u1ea3o tr\u00ean web \u0111en, k\u1ebb hi\u1ebfp d\u00e2m r\u00ecnh r\u1eadp trong nh\u1eefng b\u1ee5i r\u1eadm hay m\u1ed9t g\u00e3 ch\u1ed3ng say x\u1ec9n, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi da m\u00e0u ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 ba\u201d. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \u200e<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y n\u1eef quy\u1ec1n tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t, th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y l\u00ean t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng khu\u00f4n m\u1eabu mang t\u00ednh ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb nh\u1eefng nh\u00f3m y\u1ebfu th\u1ebf nh\u01b0 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef da m\u00e0u v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng l\u00e0 nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i nh\u1ea5t v\u00ec t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 b\u1ecb x\u00e2m h\u1ea1i cao h\u01a1n h\u1eb3n so v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng nh\u00f3m n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 t\u1eeb ph\u00eda ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt [10]. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \u200e<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Khi ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a n\u1eef quy\u1ec1n tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c thi, n\u00f3 \u00e9p bu\u1ed9c c\u1ea3 n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 n\u1eef kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 b\u1ecb \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0o khu\u00f4n m\u1eabu v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c m\u00e0 c\u00f2n v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i sau v\u1ee5 \u00e1n. Khi t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb b\u1eaft gi\u1eef \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c \u201cc\u00f4ng l\u00fd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c thi\u201d, lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p s\u1ebd ng\u1ea7m gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n s\u1ebd nhanh ch\u00f3ng ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3 m\u1eb7t th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \u200e<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, vi\u1ec7c t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1ng giam k\u1ebb h\u00e0nh hung, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng, v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u00e2y b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c, thay v\u00ec t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i s\u00e2u xa h\u01a1n. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef sau khi tr\u1ea3i qua b\u1ea1o h\u00e0nh c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng h\u1eadu ch\u1ea5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng, s\u1ef1 \u201csoi m\u00f3i\u201d c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i nh\u1ecbp s\u1ed1ng h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \u200e<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Do v\u1eady, ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a n\u1eef quy\u1ec1n tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00e0 c\u00f2n kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5 nh\u01b0 t\u00e2m l\u00fd c\u1ee7a t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m hay ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n. V\u00ec v\u1eady, cho d\u00f9 ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t v\u1ee5 \u00e1n \u1edf hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i nh\u01b0ng s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2y nh\u1eefng v\u1ee5 \u00e1n \u1edf t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \u200e<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Ngo\u00e0i ra, ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u00ednh ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef v\u00e0o t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n h\u01a1n. Trong nh\u1eefng v\u1ee5 \u00e1n li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi b\u1ea1o h\u00e0nh trong m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 th\u00e2n m\u1eadt, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch l\u00e0 \u0111ang \u201cph\u1ea3n kh\u00e1ng\u201d l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 khi n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh (IPV) ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i h\u00e0nh vi b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c, h\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n. Qua \u0111\u00f3, vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n khi c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng r\u1eddi b\u1ecf m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i l\u1ea1i b\u1ecb b\u1ecf qua [11].<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \u200e\u200e<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Sau c\u00f9ng, vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c thi ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a n\u1eef quy\u1ec1n tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng. C\u00f2n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ee5 \u00e1n khi n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi da m\u00e0u hay ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kinh t\u1ebf – nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00edt nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 t\u1eeb ph\u00eda ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt – th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 danh d\u1ef1 ngay c\u1ea3 sau khi h\u1ecd th\u1eafng ki\u1ec7n [12][13][14]. C\u00f2n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn kh\u00f4ng b\u00e1o c\u00e1o t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1o h\u00e0nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi chu c\u1ea5p, c\u1ea5p tr\u00ean hay ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111e do\u1ea1 h\u1ecd [15]. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n l\u1ea1i ch\u1ecdn im l\u1eb7ng do h\u1ecd s\u1ee3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu c\u1ea3m th\u00f4ng hay t\u00e2m l\u00fd ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \u200e\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      M\u1ed9t v\u1ee5 \u00e1n th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh kh\u00e1c nhau, trong khi c\u00f4ng l\u00fd l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u0111a chi\u1ec1u. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a n\u1eef quy\u1ec1n tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t th\u1ee7 ph\u1ea1m. Do \u0111\u00f3, ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i v\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n. Do v\u1eady, n\u1ebfu ta v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a n\u1eef quy\u1ec1n tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t nh\u01b0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft ch\u00ednh, ta s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng cho n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n, m\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      <\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \u200e<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \n
      1. GI\u1ea2I PH\u00c1P THAY TH\u1ebe CHO S\u1ef0 TR\u1eeaNG PH\u1ea0T <\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

        N\u1ebfu n\u1eef quy\u1ec1n tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p t\u1ed1i \u01b0u, ta c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eeba b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n, v\u1eeba gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c gi\u1edbi?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \u200e<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i v\u1ee5 \u00e1n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t sang b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7. Thay v\u00ec d\u1ed3n ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea9y k\u1ebb b\u1ea1o h\u00e0nh v\u00e0o t\u00f9, ta c\u1ea7n \u01b0u ti\u00ean h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c l\u1eabn tinh th\u1ea7n. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e2m t\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng v\u1ec1 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd n\u1ebfu k\u1ebb b\u1ea1o h\u00e0nh l\u00e0 ch\u1ed3ng hay c\u1ea5p tr\u00ean. V\u00ec sau khi m\u1ed9t v\u1ee5 \u00e1n k\u1ebft th\u00fac, ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef s\u1ebd l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1eb7p nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n h\u01a1n. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \u200e<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Th\u1ee9 hai, \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, n\u1ebfu xung quanh ta c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n b\u1ecb b\u1ea1o h\u00e0nh, h\u00e3y b\u00e0y t\u1ecf s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng c\u1eed ch\u1ec9 nh\u1ecf nh\u01b0 l\u1eafng nghe, h\u1ecfi han \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o kh\u00f4ng gian an to\u00e0n gi\u00fap h\u1ecd m\u1edf l\u00f2ng. S\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m n\u00e0y gi\u00fap n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng r\u01a1i v\u00e0o tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i b\u1ecb c\u00f4 l\u1eadp v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3m nh\u1eb9 ch\u1ea5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m l\u00fd cho n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \u200e<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 ri\u00eang l\u1ebb s\u1ebd kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng \u0111i k\u00e8m v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian n\u00ean vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft t\u1eadn g\u1ed1c nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c v\u1eabn l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nan gi\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \u200e<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        V\u1eady, quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi l\u1edbn: Li\u1ec7u tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f9ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi nhau? Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c r\u0103n \u0111e v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i m\u00e0 ch\u01b0a gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u00e2u xa c\u1ee7a n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n hay nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u1edf s\u1ef1 tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t m\u00e0 c\u00f2n h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 an to\u00e0n, s\u1ef1 s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa v\u00e0 b\u1ed3i \u0111\u1eafp cho nh\u1eefng t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra. V\u00ec v\u1eady, m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f4ng l\u00fd hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean ch\u1ec9 d\u1eebng \u1edf vi\u1ec7c tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t, m\u00e0 c\u1ea7n k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p mang t\u00ednh ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \u200e<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, h\u00e3y nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng: C\u00f4ng l\u00fd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t bao nhi\u00eau ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ee9u s\u1ed1ng bao nhi\u00eau ng\u01b0\u1eddi. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

        <\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \u200e\u200e<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Reference materials:<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

          \n
        1. The Guardian. (2006, March 4). Glitter gets three years for ‘sick’ sexual abuse of Vietnamese girls.<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
        2. UK Parliament. (2016). Historical Child Sex Abuse Investigations<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
        3. BBC News. (2012). Jimmy Savile abuse scandal.<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
        4. CNN. (2015). Gary Glitter sentenced for child sex offences.<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
        5. Bernstein, E. (2010). The sexual politics of the \u201cnew abolitionism\u201d. <\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
        6. Sentencing Council Victoria. (n.d.). New report: Imprisonment rate triples for breaches of family violence orders.<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
        7. Greater Manchester Police. (2025). Security guard jailed for rape and sexual assault of woman.<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
        8. Greater Manchester Police. (2020, August 14). A man convicted in 2006 of rape, attempted rape and perverting the course of justice has been jailed following a successful GMP-led operation.<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
        9. Gruber, A. (n.d.). The feminist war on crime.<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
        10. Gruber, A. (2013). UCLA Law Review.<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
        11. Yale Law School. (n.d.)The Critique of Carceral Feminism.<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
        12. SSRN. (n.d.). Sexual Violence, Intagible Harm, and the Promise of Transformative Remedies. <\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
        13. Taylor & Francis. (2021). Interactions between law enforcement and women of color at high-risk of lethal intimate partner violence: An application of interpersonal justice theory.<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
        14. Innovating Justice. (2021). Restorative justice summaries. <\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
        15. Pittman, D. (2020). Double jeopardy: Intimate partner violence vulnerability among emerging adult women through lenses of race and sexual orientation.<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

          <\/p>\n\n\n\n

          T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3: Ph\u00f9ng Ho\u00e0ng Ch\u00e2u Anh<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

          <\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

          V\u00e0o n\u0103m 2015, c\u1ef1u ca s\u0129 nh\u1ea1c glam rock Gary Glitter \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb k\u1ebft \u00e1n 16 n\u0103m t\u00f9 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c t\u1ed9i danh nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi x\u00e2m h\u1ea1i tr\u1ebb em trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ebfn v\u1ee5 \u00e1n g\u00e2y hoang mang l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u \u00f4ng b\u1ecb k\u1ebft t\u1ed9i. N\u0103m 2006, […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":4712,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4711","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-women-and-literature"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vnsfemaleassociation.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4711","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vnsfemaleassociation.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vnsfemaleassociation.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vnsfemaleassociation.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vnsfemaleassociation.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4711"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/vnsfemaleassociation.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4711\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4716,"href":"https:\/\/vnsfemaleassociation.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4711\/revisions\/4716"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vnsfemaleassociation.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4712"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vnsfemaleassociation.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4711"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vnsfemaleassociation.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4711"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vnsfemaleassociation.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4711"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}